Which cognitive functions can be affected by Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) can significantly impact various cognitive functions due to the disease's effects on the central nervous system. Among the cognitive domains affected by MS, memory, attention, and executive functioning are particularly prominent.

Memory can be compromised in MS, leading to difficulties in recalling information or forming new memories. This can manifest as problems with short-term memory or challenges in retrieving previously learned information. Attention deficits are also common, which can affect an individual's ability to focus on tasks, filter distractions, and maintain concentration over time. Executive functioning, which involves higher-level cognitive processes such as planning, organizing, and problem-solving, can be impaired as well, making it challenging for individuals to manage daily tasks or make decisions.

While calculation and numerical ability, speech and language processing, and visual and auditory processing can all be affected in varying degrees, the most characteristic cognitive changes seen in individuals with MS tend to center around memory, attention, and executive functions. This focus on the cognitive domains associated with executive functioning, in particular, highlights the everyday impact of MS on a person's ability to carry out complex tasks and manage life effectively.