What type of autoimmune disorder can develop as an adverse reaction to Alemtuzumab?

Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple sclerosis, but it can lead to various autoimmune disorders as a side effect due to its mechanism of action, which depletes certain immune cells and alters immune system regulation. Among the potential adverse reactions, autoimmune thyroid-related events are particularly common.

These can manifest as conditions such as Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, resulting from the dysregulation of the immune response following treatment. The thyroid gland is particularly sensitive to these immune changes, and patients may experience symptoms such as weight changes, energy level fluctuations, and mood alterations as a result of thyroid dysfunction. Monitoring thyroid function is thus crucial in patients receiving Alemtuzumab therapy.

While other autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, and autoimmune arthritis, are possible adverse effects associated with various immunosuppressive treatments, thyroid-related issues specifically stand out as being particularly documented in the context of Alemtuzumab. This specific association with thyroid dysfunction is well recognized in clinical practice and literature surrounding its use.