What is the recommended initial therapy for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis?

The recommended initial therapy for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) primarily includes interferon beta products or glatiramer acetate (GA) due to their established efficacy in reducing the frequency of relapses and slowing the progression of disability. These medications work by modulating the immune system, which plays a crucial role in the inflammatory processes that characterize RRMS. Interferons have been used for many years and have extensive evidence supporting their use, while glatiramer acetate is well-regarded for its favorable side effect profile and mechanism of action that mimics myelin, thereby helping to protect against immune attacks on the nervous system.

Corticosteroids are typically used during acute relapses to reduce inflammation and expedite recovery but are not recommended as a long-term disease-modifying therapy. Dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide are newer oral therapies that are also effective in treating RRMS; however, they are often considered after first-line options depending on the patient’s specific circumstances and preferences. Therefore, while these other therapies play essential roles in managing RRMS, interferon beta products and glatiramer acetate are the foundational initial therapies recommended in clinical practice guidelines.