What combination of immune cells contribute to the inflammatory response in MS?

The inflammatory response in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is complex and involves a variety of immune cells that play significant roles in the pathology of the disease. The correct combination of immune cells that contribute to this response includes CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, and CD8+ T cells.

CD4+ T cells are crucial in orchestrating the immune response by recognizing antigens presented by other cells and facilitating the activation of other immune cells. They help activate B cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, promoting a robust immune response.

B cells contribute to MS pathology through the production of antibodies and by functioning as antigen-presenting cells. They can form ectopic lymphoid structures in the central nervous system (CNS) that contribute to chronic inflammation.

Macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory response by phagocytizing debris and presenting antigens, as well as secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines that can exacerbate tissue damage. They are also involved in the formation of lesions within the CNS.

CD8+ T cells, known as cytotoxic T cells, can directly attack myelin and neural tissue, contributing to demyelination. They are often found infiltrating MS lesions and play a role in the ongoing inflammatory process